Psychology (Psychology) (Greek: ψυχολογία) is an academic and applied study of behavior, cognition and the mechanisms underlying them. The psychology of human study is normally but can be applied to non-human animal or sometimes like intelligent systems.
Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals ' daily life and mental diseases.
In short, psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mind, thinking and personality, and can be defined as: "the scientific study of the behaviour of organisms, especially human, with a view to understanding this behaviour and its interpretation and prediction and control.
Naming
Scientists believe that the root of the English word psychology comes from the two themes: philosophy, Physiology, and Psychology (psychological) comes from the word Greek
Psyche = Eng.soul which means the soul and Logos means study of science, and in the sixteenth century was the meaning of Psychology "science that studies the soul or the mind", to distinguish between this term and the study of the body, and since the beginning of the eighteenth century has increased the use of this term is "physiological" became widespread.
The beginning of Psychology
The psychology of modern science that have been created and entered for the first time in the laboratory in 1879 by the German psychologist William font, and may use the font (Vont) method of introspection or self reflection to solve problems and emotional experiences, and font on this science as the study of emotional experience and the font is the founder of psychology, is the independence of science from philosophy.
The evolution of Psychology
William Wundt founded the school of constructivism in psychology is dependent on the process of introspection to identify problems of the person by the person himself, and his help in solving these problems, and correct her vision, for example, there are those who believe that God created to punish him, or to be an end in hell fire ", based on this Act of rebellion or despair or be oppressed community and counter him, he is using the method of introspection with this person to rectify this wrong belief has, therefore, a special scientific laboratory methods.
But then came the other scientists criticised the way the font with the introspection, and they said it's subjective based on the same person and cannot be generalised, and rely on the view finder and see and psychiatric condition; it is scientists who criticised the construction school William James; focusing on brain function and its divisions, and what is the function of the parts of the brain, the brain functions in brief and simplistic thinking and sensations and emotions, where the frontal zone where thought processes and visualisation, speech, writing, movement, and in the middle of the brain area hearing and interpreting sensations and give it meaning, In the region of the brain located optical device, and his interpretation of Visual sensations, there is an area above the neck back directly contains the cerebellum and Medulla rectangle and link, and are responsible for the balance of the body, breathing and digestion, heartbeat and blood circulation etc. So, this school was called the name of the school career.
And then appeared another criticism of schools saying, "the psychologist that the note is correct and should not be considered separate what you can't see is concrete and by default, as Harrah's IQ and thinking, so it's just assumptions cannot be proved scientifically, and scientists critical of the career John Watson who said," you should study behaviour ((Zaher)) for any human what is tangible and can be seen ", the evolution of this psychology very much after the appearance of this school are Behaviorism, and the school psychologist The Russian Pavlov, the famous founder of the learning theory laboratory tests have noted that Ceylon dog saliva Pavlov is catering to him; he has experience in: ring a Bell before serving food, and then to feeding Veysel saliva, after repeating this test dog saliva flows began to just hear the Bell without catering to the so-called learning requirements.
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